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Tafonomi

Tafonomi (af græsk taphe 'grav' og nomos 'lære'), læren om de processer, der finder sted under en plantes eller et dyrs nedbrydning fra død til evt. fossilering.

 

Ressourcer

  • Ivan Efremov: Taphonomy: new branch of paleontology, Pan-American Geologist, Vol. 74, 1940: 81-93.

    Beskrivelse:
    Efremovs artikel beskriver behovet for en ny gren indenfor geologien, som han navngiver tafonomi. Han definerer tafonomi som "the study of geological processes of the transition of animal remains from the biosphere into the lithosphere" og han understreger, at forståelsen af disse processer gennem tiden opnås gennem en klarlæggelse af "[t]he laws of disposition and conservation of contemporary animal remains in sediments just formed or being formed now."

Gravskik

  • Liv Nilsson: Dynamic Cadavers. A "Field Anthropological" Analysis of the Skateholm II burials, Lund Archaeological Rerview (LAR) 1998: 5-17.

    Beskrivelse:
    This study presents the results of a new archaeological analysis of the burials from the Late Mesolithic cemetery of Skateholm II. This re-analysis is based on the methods of anthropologie de terrain (Field Anthropology) which combine highly detailed field observations with the cultural and natural factors that contribute to the decomposition of the human body and the disarticulation of the human skeleton (Duday et al 1990). Anthropologie de terrain utilizes taphonomic principles to infer the state of the human remains and the structure of the grave at the time of burial, thus offering a rigorous archaeological approach for reconstructing the original position of the human remains, the arrangement of clothing and grave goods, and the overall architecture of the grave. Anthropologie de terrain improves the documentation of the variability in mortuary ritual in the Late Mesolithic society represented at Skateholm II. The results provide strong support, in large part, for previous interpretations of Skateholm II mortuary practices. In some significant cases, however, the results include details about grave composition and therefore, about mortuary ritual, which were not previously recognized.

  • Anja Roth Niemi: De virksomme døde. Gravskikk som sosial diskurs i det sein-mesolittiske Sør-skandinavia, Hovedfagsoppgave i arkeologi, Universitetet i Tromsø, Høsten 2001.

Retsantropologi / forrådnelsesprocessen

Preservation of human brain tissue

Adipocere